AMINO ACIDS-THE BUILDING BLOCKS OF LIFE
By Deborah Merlin
www.victoryoveradhd.com
Balanced Neurotransmitter Complex and Brain Function
It was breathtaking to see how quickly the positive changes occurred in my twins once their diet was supplemented with amino acids. I knew amino acids had something to do with protein; beyond that, I was clueless about their importance or purpose. I asked many of my friends and acquaintances what they knew about amino acids. To my surprise, they were no more knowledgeable than I was. Part of the problem is that there are so many different amino acids that it is almost too much to learn, unless you have a strong interest in nutrition. I read up on amino acids, and I was astounded by how important they are to our existence and our health.
Amino acid deficiencies are common. Amino acids control the mind, memory, and behavior. An unbalanced diet, anxiety, stress, and other factors can lead to disturbances in amino acid metabolism. The brain is the most undernourished organ in the body. To quote Dr. Billie J. Sahley, “Amino acids must be taken daily and in specific amounts for the brain to be chemically balanced.” A balanced neurotransmitter complex provides a balance of amino acids to help create needed neurotransmitters to keep the brain and body functioning at peak performance.
What follows in this article are disorders associated with amino acid imbalances, interesting facts about amino acids, food sources and laboratory resources for testing amino acid panels.
Disorders associated with amino acid imbalances:
ADD/ADHD
Alcoholism
Ammonia toxicity
Ataxia (defective muscular coordination)
Autism
Behavior disorders
Cardiovascular disease
Chemical intolerances
Chronic fatigue
Chronic gastrointestinal distress or bowel irregularity
Depression
Dermatitis (inflammation of the skin)
Detoxification impairments
Excessive inflammation
Failure to thrive (infancy)
Family history or early symptoms of degenerative disease
Frequent headaches
Frequent infections and persistent inflammatory responses
Hyperlipidemias (high blood lipid levels)
Hypertension (high blood pressure)
Hypotonia (loss of muscle tone)
Inflammatory disorders
Impaired mental development
Insomnia
Intolerances (persistent) to foods and chemicals
Mental disperception
Mental retardation
Myopathies (muscular disease)
Neurological disorders
Neural tube defects (birth defects)
Ocular disorders (eye)
Osteoporosis
Oxidative stress
Poor immunity
Rheumatoid arthritis
Seizures
Short stature or chronically underweight, growth failure (children)
Weak skin and nails
Amino Acid Facts
* Amino acids are the building blocks of protein and are vital to life.
* Amino acids control everything from neurotransmitters (chemical language of the brain) to the proteins of your body.
* Protein cannot exist without the proper combinations of amino acids.
* Next to water, protein makes up the greatest portion of your body weight.
*The central nervous system cannot function without amino acids.
* Protein substances make up the muscles, ligaments, tendons, organs, glands, nails, hair, and body fluids (except for bile and urine). Proteins are essential for enzymes, hormones, genes, and body growth.
* There are twenty-nine commonly known amino acids.
* Our liver produces about eighty percent of the amino acids we need. The remaining twenty percent is obtained through our diet.
* Nonessential amino acids are made from our body, and essential amino acids are made up from our diet.
* A vitamin B6 supplement must be taken with amino acids, for it is the most important vitamin for amino acid metabolism. Riboflavin (B2) and niacin (B3) are the next most important vitamins in amino acid metabolism.
It is extremely important to have an amino acid test to determine what deficiencies you or your child may have. Too much of any amino acid can have negative side effects. If you have an amino acid deficiency, your health care professional will advise you on what and how much of the amino acids you should take. Compound pharmacies can make up a custom amino acid compound to address your exact deficiency. After you start amino acid therapy normal response time is three to fourteen days. If you see no improvement after three to four weeks, consult your doctor or health care professional.
Caution: If your child is taking Ritalin or any other prescription drug, do not stop the medicine without the physician’s guidance. Some amino acids can cause an adverse reaction if a person is taking antidepressants, so it is imperative to check with your doctor before changing or discontinuing your medications or start taking amino acid supplements.
Amino Acids
L-Alanine: A nonessential amino acid
Aids in the metabolism of glucose and is essential for metabolism of tryptophan.
An inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.
Food sources: wheat germ, turkey, duck, cottage cheese, and sausage
L-Arginine: An essential amino acid for children, not adults
Causes retardation of tumors and cancer.
Aids in liver detoxification.
Stimulates muscle protein synthesis and modulates breakdown of muscle tissues.
Builds muscle and enhances metabolism.
Assists in the release of growth hormone from the pituitary gland.
Speeds wound healing and fights off infections.
A deficiency in arginine can result in rash, hair loss, hair breakage, poor wound healing, constipation, fatty liver, hepatic cirrhosis, coma, and hypoglycemia.
Caution: Schizophrenics should use arginine with caution, and do no use if you have active malignancy, severe infection, or diabetic retinopathy.
Food sources: poultry, meats, fish, beans, grains, nuts and seeds, gelatin, cereals, (especially buckwheat, oatmeal, and millet), milk, cheese, wheat germ, vegetables (especially green peas, asparagus, broccoli, Swiss chard, corn, potatoes, onions, spinach, avocados, chocolate)
L-Asparagine: A nonessential amino acid
Maintains balance in the central nervous system
Prevents one from being overly calm or overly nervous.
Food sources: pork, turkey, sausage, chicken, wheat germ, cottage and ricotta cheeses
L-Aspartic Acid: A nonessential amino acid
Increases energy.
It supports the liver.
Assists in cell function.
Is an ammonia detoxifier.
It supports RNA/DNA formation.
Helps the intestinal tract take in more minerals.
Benefits the immune system and thymus gland.
Caution: Elevated levels of aspartic acid may be seen in patients with depression, epilepsy, stroke, high branch chain amino acids, and low ornithine.
Food sources: pork, turkey, sausage, chicken, wheat germ, cottage and ricotta cheeses
L-Carnitine: A nonessential amino acid
Prevents fatty build up and helps in weight loss.
Decreases heart disease.
Improves athletic ability and muscle strength.
Lowers cholesterol and increases HDL levels.
Increases the effectiveness of vitamins C and E.
Deficiencies could result in loss of muscle tone, failure to thrive, swelling of the brain, recurrent infections, hypoglycemia, and heart disturbances in children.
Caution: Vegetarians are more likely to be deficient in carnitine.
Food sources: organ meats and dairy products
L-Citrulline: A nonessential amino acid
Promotes energy.
Stimulates the immune system.
Produces the amino acids arginine and ornithine.
Stimulates growth hormone production.
Detoxifies ammonia, which damages living cells.
Food sources: garlic and onions
L-Cysteine: An essential amino acid
Protects the liver and brain from damage from cigarette smoking and alcohol.
Breaks down mucus in the respiratory tract and is beneficial in treatment of bronchitis, emphysema, and tuberculosis.
Helps maintain flexibility and texture.
Strengthens the hair (more than ten percent of hair is cysteine).
Heavy metal chelator.
Helps prevent cataracts.
Useful in iron deficiency.
Helps with ADHD by calming the body.
Crosses the blood-brain barrier.
Food sources: meat, chicken, turkey, fish, grains, beans (especially soy), eggs, grains, nuts, seeds, cereals, potatoes
L-Glutamic Acid: A nonessential amino acid. A precursor to GABA
Metabolizes sugars and fats.
Regulates brain cell activity.
Helps correct personality disorders.
Fuels the brain.
Maintains the body’s nitrogen balance.
Helps with muscular dystrophy.
Food sources: sausage, ham, bacon, yogurt, chicken, duck, cottage cheese, wheat germ, and granola
L-Glutamine: An essential amino acid. It acts as a precursor to GABA
Helps in alcoholism and sugar cravings.
Helps the brain dispose of waste ammonia, which irritates the brain cells.
Assists with memory and concentration.
Aids the body in intestinal and ulcer healing.
Helpful with conditions such as impotence, epilepsy, fatigue, mental retardation
and schizophrenia.
Decreases food allergies.
Produces other nonessential amino acids.
Increases effectiveness of chemotherapy and radiation treatment for cancer and
reduces the toxicity and damage to the body.
Food sources: cooking or heating inactivates glutamine. The foods highest in glutamine include meat, chicken, and eggs, but only in raw form. It is best to take glutamine in supplement form.
L-Glutathione: An essential amino acid
A powerful antioxidant and contains cysteine, glycine, and glutamate.
Inhibits the formation of free radicals.
Provides protection against radiation therapy and smoking.
Works as a detoxifier of metals and drugs.
Helpful in the treatment of blood and liver disorders.
Helps bring other amino acids into the cell.
Food sources: meat, fresh fruit, and vegetables
Important to know -Tylenol (acetaminophen) -Tylenol shuts down the detoxification pathways in the liver, which rids the body of metals and poisons. Tylenol can affect production of glutathione. Tylenol is routinely given to infants and toddlers when vaccinated to reduce pain and fever.
L-Glycine: A nonessential amino acid and the simplest of the amino acids
Retards muscle degeneration.
Helps prevent epilepsy.
Helpful in the treatment of bipolar depression.
Inhibits transmissions.
Reduces anxiety, hyperactivity, and aggression.
Removes lead from the body.
Need for formation of DNA, collagen, and phospholipids.
Caution: Too much glycine can cause fatigue.
Food sources: meat, brewer’s yeast, eggs, legumes, whole grains, fish, seeds, gelatin, soy, whey and dairy products
L-Histidine: An essential amino acid for infants, not adults
Helps remove heavy metals from the body.
Reduces pain in rheumatoid arthritis.
Has a mild anti-inflammatory effect.
Helps in growth and repair of tissues, hyperacidity, digestion, and gastric juices.
Histamine is formed from histidine. It is needed for treatment of allergies,
anemia and for the production of red and white blood cells.
Caution: People who have high amounts of histamine will often have a history of psychiatric problems, and it is commonly seen in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorders, depression, and phobias. Those who suffer from chronic pain and fibromyalgia show low histamine levels. Low blood-histamine levels are often found in people who suffer from rheumatoid arthritis and Parkinson’s disease.
Food sources: meats, chicken, turkey, fish, beans (especially soy), cheese, milk, eggs, grains, nuts, seeds, cereals, potatoes
L-Isoleucine: An essential amino acid. It must be taken with L-Leucine and L-Valine. It is a branch-chain amino acid.
Is needed for hemoglobin formation.
Stabilizes and regulates the blood sugar and energy levels.
Is metabolized in the muscle tissue.
An isoleucine deficiency can result in muscle tremors and lead to symptoms
similar to hypoglycemia.
Food sources: chicken; turkey; meats; fish; beans (especially soy); milk; cheese; eggs; grains; cereals (especially millet); nuts, seeds; vegetables including swiss chard, corn, green peas, potatoes, spinach, and avocado
L-Leucine: An essential amino acid. Is a branch-chain amino acid
Leucine, isoleucine, and valine should be taken together.
Lowers elevated blood-sugar levels.
Promotes healing of bones, skin, and muscle tissue.
It is an important supplement for recovery from surgery and sports injuries.
Can help those with Parkinson’s disease.
Helps reduce effects of stress.
Caution: This amino acid should be taken in moderation, or it could result in hypoglycemia.
Food sources: chicken, turkey, fish, beans, milk, cheese, eggs, grains, cereals (especially millet), nuts, seeds, gelatin, sweet potatoes, potatoes, spinach, corn, green peas, asparagus, broccoli, swiss chard, mushrooms, tomatoes, avocado, wheat germ
L-Lysine: An essential amino acid
Is needed for growth and bone development in children.
It is found in muscle connective tissues and collagen tissues.
Helps with calcium absorption.
Fights cold sores and herpes viruses.
Is important for those recovering from surgery and sports injuries.
Deficiencies could result in fatigue, poor concentration, irritability, bloodshot eyes, poor growth, hair loss, anemia, and reproductive
disorders.
Caution: Doses of 1,000 mg. can cause insomnia and should not be given to children, unless prescribed by your doctor
Food sources: chicken, turkey, meats, beans, dairy (including milk, cheese), eggs, grains, cereals (especially oatmeal), gelatin, potatoes, green peas, asparagus, broccoli, corn, mushrooms, spinach, avocado, wheat germ, and chocolate
L-Phenylalanine: An essential amino acid
Is commonly used to treat depression.
Aids in memory and learning.
Helps prevent obesity.
Decreases pain in migraines, menstruation, and arthritis.
Is a precursor to Tyrosine.
Caution:L-Phenalalanine should not be taken with MAO inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants. Women who are pregnant, or those who have high blood pressure, anxiety attacks, and preexisting pigmented melanoma should not take it.
Food sources: chicken, turkey, meats, fish, dairy (including milk), cheese, eggs beans, grains, cereals (especially couscous, millet, and oatmeal), nuts, seeds, sweet potatoes, potatoes, spinach, corn, green peas, swiss chard, gelatin, avocado, and chocolate
Dl-Phenylalanine: (DLPA) is a form of phenylalanine
Is very effective in controlling pain, especially those who have arthritis.
Is the building blocks of all amino acids.
Increases mental alertness.
Suppresses the appetite.
Caution: Should not be used if pregnant, diabetic, or hypertension or if suffering from anxiety attacks
Food sources: cottage cheese, cheese, milk, chicken, turkey, duck, pecans, sesame seeds
L-Proline: An nonessential amino acid
Strengthens joints, tendons, and heart muscle.
Lowers blood pressure.
Improves skin texture and formation of collagen (vitamin C must be present).
Heals cartilage.
Food sources: cottage and ricotta cheeses, eggs, pork, luncheon meats, wheat germ, turkey, and duck
L-Serine: A nonessential amino acid
Needed for a healthy immune system.
Important for metabolism of fats, fatty acids, and muscle growth.
Food sources: cottage and ricotta cheeses, eggs, pork, luncheon meats, turkey, sausage, peanuts, and soy
L-Taurine: An essential amino acid in adults, not infants and children.
Protects the cell membranes.
Prevents retinal (eye) degeneration.
Is a building block for all amino acids.
Helps reduce seizures and epilepsy.
Aids in fat digestion, heart disorders, hypoglycemia, artherosclerosis and reduces hypertension and edema.
Decreases pain in chronic pain sufferers.
Removes toxins.
Helps with tics and other spastic conditions.
Helps reduce symptoms of stress.
Deficiencies can result in sudden death syndrome (SDS), seizures, epilepsy, anxiety, hyperactivity, poor brain function, tics, twitches, spastic conditions, and degeneration of the retina of the eye in humans and all animals.
Food sources: meats, organ meats, and fish
L-Threonine: An essential amino acid
Balances protein in the body.
Helps control epileptic seizures.
Reduces ALS symptoms.
Assists in formation of collagen and helps with elasticity.
Aids in digestive and intestinal function.
Helps prevent accumulation of fat in the liver.
Helps improve mental health.
Is a precursor to brain glycine.
Deficiency suppresses the immune system.
Food sources: chicken, turkey, meats, fish, beans, dairy (including milk and cheese), eggs, grains, nuts, seeds, cereals, gelatin, some vegetables (including corn, green peas, potatoes, and spinach)
L-Trytophan: An essential amino acid transmitter
Helps with insomnia.
Stabilizes the mood.
Controls hyperactivity in children.
Aids in weight control.
Helps release the growth hormone.
Is required for the formation of serotonin, which helps people feel relaxed, calm, and in control.
Decreases tremors in Parkinson’s patients.
Necessary for production of niacin.
Caution: Trytophan should not be taken with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors such as Prozac, Paxil, Luvox, and Effexor
Food sources: turkey, chicken, pork, meats, fish, dairy (including milk, cheese), eggs, grains, cereals, nuts, and seeds
L-Tyrosine: A nonessential amino acid, for the body can make it from phenylalanine
Helps with anxiety, depression, allergies, and headaches.
Aids in the pigment of skin and hair.
Is important for the functions of the adrenal, thyroid, and pituitary glands.
Acts as a mood elevator.
Suppresses the appetite and reduces body fat.
Is used for withdrawal from drugs.
Can be used as an antidepressant.
Helps people with Parkinson’s disease.
Caution: Tyrosine should not be taken with MAO inhibitors and tricyllic
antidepressants or when cancerous melanoma is present.
Food sources: chicken, turkey, pork, beef, fish, beans, dairy (including milk and cheese), cereals (especially oatmeal and couscous), corn, potatoes, spinach, nuts, seeds
L-Valine: An essential amino acid part of a branched-chain amino acid and should be used with leucine and isoleucine
Has a stimulant effect.
Is needed for the nitrogen balance in the brain.
Is important for muscle coordination, mental and neural function.
Helps reduce inflammation.
Food sources: chicken, turkey, pork, beef, fish, dairy (including milk, cheese), cereals (especially millet, buckwheat, groats, oatmeal; some vegetables (including potatoes, sweet potatoes, broccoli, corn, green peas, spinach, swiss chard, avocado), and chocolate
Testing resources for amino acids:
The Great Plains Laboratory, Inc.
www.greatplainslaboratory.com
11813 W. 77th Street
Lenexa, KS 66214
913-341-8949
Tests and services: organic acid test for yeast and bacteria overgrowth; vitamin and mineral deficiencies; opiate peptides for gluten and casein sensitivity; toxic exposures to heavy metals; deficiencies in the immune system; abnormal amino acid; comprehensive stool testing; advanced cholesterol panel
Metametrix Clinical Laboratory
www.metametrix.com
3425 Corporate Way
Duluth, GA 30096
800-221-4640
Tests and services: fatty acids; amino acid profiles; IgE and IgG food antibodies; inhalant antibodies; organic acids test
Neurogistics, Inc.
Balance Your Child’s Brain
www.balanceyourchildsbrain.com
876 Loop 337, Suite 305
New Braunfels, TX 78130
888-257-9068
Tests and services: neurotransmitter testing; neurotransmitter counseling; psychoeducation programs and counseling; customized protocols; supplementation; follow-up program
Pain and Stress Center
www.painstresscenter.com
5282 Medical Drive #160
San Antonio, TX 78229-5379
800-669-2256
Tests and Services: nutritional counseling; amino acid testing; food allergy testing; orthomolecular programs; group lectures; educational programs; product research and development; amino acid supplements (call for catalog)
References:
Diagnostic Value of Amino Acid Analysis, Great Smokies Diagnostic Laboratory
James F. Balch, M.D. and Phyllis A. Balch, C.N.C. 1990. “ Prescription for Nutritional Healing.” Avery Publishing Group Inc.
Billie Jay Sahley, Ph.D. and Katherine M. Birkner, CRNA. 2001. “Heal with Amino Acids and Nutrients.” Pain and Stress Publications, 2001, Pain and Stress Publications.
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